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Political Party Stances on Policies

The political landscape in the United States is shaped by two dominant forces — the Democratic and Republican parties, each holding distinct ideological frameworks and policy preferences. These differing beliefs, often categorized along the lines of liberal (left) and conservative (right), guide each party’s positions on critical national issues. From economic strategies and education reform to healthcare access and immigration policy, the platforms of both parties influence legislation and shape public discourse.

What Do Democrats and Republicans Stand For?

The Democratic Party, associated with left-leaning and progressive views, tends to show the following traits:

  • They support policies like socialized healthcare, environmental regulation, expanded civil rights, and government-funded education.
  • Its platform emphasizes government involvement as a tool for equity and social welfare.
  • Popular Democratic issues include climate change mitigation, gun control, income inequality reform, and the protection of minority rights.

In contrast, the Republican Party, identified with conservative or right-leaning values, tends to show the following traits:

  • They generally advocates for limited government, free-market economics, lower taxes, and strong national defense.
  • Republican Party views often prioritize personal responsibility, states’ rights, and traditional family values.
  • Common Republican issues include tax cuts, deregulation, gun rights, border security, and opposition to abortion and government overreach.

This page outlines more than 90 major political policies and where each party typically stands on them. Scroll below to view a detailed breakdown of Democratic and Republican stances on today's most critical policy issues.

Budget Deficit

War on Terror Spending

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Partisan differences are evidenced in federal spending priorities. In an April 2017 survey by Pew Research Center, 61%...

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Social Security Spending

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The Democratic Party platform commits to resisting efforts to privatize Social Security. Meanwhile, the Republican platform says that the...

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Scientific Research Government Spending

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The parties are split over how much the US government should spend on scientific research. A 2019...

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Public Education Spending

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Democrats and Republicans appear to have very differing perspectives on public education spending. On one...

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Military Spending

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Military spending seems to be higher of a budget priority for Republicans than for Democrats....

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Health Care Government Spending

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Republicans and Democrats have different priorities on health care spending but agree on the need...

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Government Spending

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Democrats and Republicans are divided on the issue of federal spending. In a Pew poll, 74%...

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Criminal Justice

War on Drugs

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While the War on Drugs was originally championed by Republican presidents, namely Reagan, Nixon, and...

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Trump Imeachment

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Impeachment refers to the process by which a legislature’s lower house brings charges against a...

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Qualified Immunity

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Qualified Immunity is a type of legal immunity that “protects a government official from lawsuits alleging...

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Prison Reform

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Prison reform has long been a debated issue at all levels of American politics. The...

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Police Funding

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A survey on police funding in 2021 by the Pew Research Center found 61% of Republicans and...

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Marijuana Legalization for Recreational Use

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Marijuana legalization is becoming increasingly popular among both Democrats and Republicans. While the Republican platform is critical...

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Marijuana Legalization for Medical Use

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Marijuana legalization for Medicinal Use is supported by the majority of both Republicans and Democrats with 94%...

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Mandatory Minimums

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Mandatory prison sentences, or mandatory minimums, require people convicted of certain crimes, often drug related,...

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Death Penalty

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In August 2022, President Biden signed into effect the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), a new...

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Criminal Justice Reform

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Generally, criminal justice reform polls well among both Democratic and Republican voters. 87% of Democrats and...

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Clinton Impeachment

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Republican lawmakers who voted for the Clinton impeachment  argued that even though it only concerned...

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Economy

Universal Basic Income

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Universal Basic Income (UBI) has become a cornerstone in the platform of Democratic presidential candidate, Andrew...

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Taxes

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Republicans and Democrats are typically divided on the issue of taxation. While the Democratic Party platform advocates...

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Socialism

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The Democratic platform expresses support for systems of socialized healthcare such as Medicare, Medicaid, and the Affordable...

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Social Security Privatization

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The Democratic Party platform commits to resisting efforts to privatize Social Security. Meanwhile, the Republican platform says that the...

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Public Enterprise

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Democrats and Republicans appear to have very differing perspectives on public education spending. On one...

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Protectionist Trade

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Polling suggests that Democrats are more opposed to protectionist trade measures than Republicans are; 63% of...

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Private Property

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Both the Democratic and Republican platforms advocate for the protection of individual property rights. Polling indicates that 76% of Americans would...

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Private Enterprise

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Both Democrats and Republicans appear to be in support of private enterprise. Both the Democratic and Republican platforms expressed...

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Labor Union

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The labor movement in the United States grew out of the need to protect the...

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International Free-Trade

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Republicans have traditionally been viewed as pro free trade while Democrats were seen as being...

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Infrastructure Investments

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Infrastructure appears to be slightly more of a priority for Democrats than for Republicans. While the Democratic...

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Income Inequality Laws

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The raising of wages has been a hotly debated topic since the Covid-19 epidemic, specifically...

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Government Stimulus

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The Covid-19 Pandemic ravaged the world in late 2019 and early 2020, killing 6.3 million...

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Flat Tax Rate

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Polling indicates that flat-rate taxation is a popular concept among Republicans; 59% of Republicans would support...

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Eminent Domain

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Neither the Democratic nor the Republican party platforms mention the topic of eminent domain. Polling, however, suggests that both Democrats...

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Competitive Capitalism

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Polling indicates that both Republicans and Democrats hold positive views of competitive capitalism; 78% of Republicans...

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China Tariffs

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A minority of Democrats (44%) and majority of Republicans (59%) now support keeping existing tariffs...

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Education

Student Debt Cancellation

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Both the Democratic, and the Republican platforms acknowledge the severity of the student debt. In August of 2022,...

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School Choice Vouchers

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School choice has been a defining issue for the Department of Education under the Trump...

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Free College Education

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Proposals for tuition-free college are more popular among Democrats than Republicans. The Democratic Party platform advocates for...

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Common Core

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While a stance on Common Core education standards is not made clear in the Democratic Party...

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Charter Schools

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Both the Democratic and Republican party platforms express support for charter schools, although the Democratic does express some weariness...

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Elections

Voting Rights

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Voting enfranchisement has long been a topic of concern amongst Americans, especially African Americans. Moreso...

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Voter Identification

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To preface, a voter identification law is a law that requires a person to show...

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Electoral College

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Traditionally, both Democrats and Republicans have favored abolishing the Electoral College. However, support among Republicans...

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Campaign Finance Restrictions

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Campaign finance and the first amendment have long been intertwined since the decision in Citizens...

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Energy

The Green New Deal

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The Green New Deal, a proposal originally championed by Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, includes a plan to...

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Oil Drilling

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Republicans tend to be more supportive of the oil drilling industry than Democrats are. The Democratic...

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Non-renewable Energy

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Nationalism, made distinct from patriotism by its propensity to advance one nation to the detriment...

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Environmental Regulations

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Environmental regulations are more popular among Democrats than Republicans. Polling shows that while 65% of Democratic voters...

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Coal Mining

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Like they tend to be with other non-renewable energy sources, Republicans also demonstrate support for...

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Clean Energy

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Polling indicates support for clean energy among both Democratic and Republican voters. 87% of Democrats and...

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Foreign Affairs

Brexit

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Brexit refers to the partitional referendum that led to the severance of the United Kingdom...

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United Nations

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Democrats tend to regard the United Nations more favorably than Republicans do. While the Democratic Party...

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Russia Sanctions

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Since the era of the Cold War, the fear of the Russian Government and its...

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North Korea Sanctions

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Nuclear warfare has long remained a nightmare for those all around the world, and with...

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Nationalistic Ideals

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Nationalism, made distinct from patriotism by its propensity to advance one nation to the detriment...

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Jewish Nation State and Sovereignty

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The Israel-Palestine Conflict is one with political, economic, and religious roots. While both Palestine and...

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Isolationism

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Isolationism is a government policy or doctrine of taking no role in the affairs of other...

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ISIS

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Since the terrorist attack on the United States by an Islamic extremist group in 2001,...

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Iran Sanctions

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Since the Iranian takeover of the American Embassy in Tehran in 1979, the United States...

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Iran Nuclear Deal

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According to a 2022 Chicago Council Survey, 73 percent of Democrats would support returning to the...

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International Involvement

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Presidents are primarily vested with rights and privileges aimed at aiding advances toward alliances with...

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European Union

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As the United States is not a part of the European Union (EU), neither party...

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China Diplomatic Relations

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China’s global investments have increased tremendously and in recent years, it has overtaken the United...

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Government Dependency

Welfare

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Democrats tend to be supportive of welfare programs, while Republicans are less supportive. The Democratic Party...

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Government Regulation

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Democrats are generally more supportive of government regulations, while Republicans are generally more opposed. The Democratic...

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Government Intervention

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Democrats are more open to government interference than Republicans are. While the Republican Party platform explicitly condemns...

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Government Dependency

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Government dependency appears to be a considerable concern for Republican voters. Polling indicates that 68% of Republicans...

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Gun Control

Guns in Classrooms

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The arming of school officials has been floated as a potential solution to school shootings...

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Gun Control

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Gun control, a broad category of policies that aim to reduce access to gun ownership,...

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Concealed Weapon Carry

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The second amendment has long been a controversial topic, especially when discussing the idea of...

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Healthcare

World Health Organization

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In April of 2020, U.S. President Donald Trump accused the World Health Organization  of  mishandling COVID-19 and...

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Universal Healthcare

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Medicare, Medicaid, and the Affordable Care Act to demonstrate the party’s commitment to the issue....

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Socialized Healthcare

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The Democratic platform expresses support for systems of socialized healthcare such as Medicare, Medicaid, and the Affordable...

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Shelter-in-place Mandate

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In response to the coronavirus pandemic of 2020, 43 governors ordered residents to stay at...

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Private Healthcare

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Both parties support private healthcare. While the Democratic Party does call for a unilateral expansion...

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Planned Parenthood

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Support for Planned Parenthood, an organization centered on providing reproductive care including contraception and abortion...

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Embryonic Stem-Cell Research

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The Republican Party has traditionally been opposed to the use of embryonic stem cells in...

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Drug Price Regulation

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In August 2022, President Biden signed into effect the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), a new...

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Covid-19 Vaccine Mandate

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The Covid-19 Pandemic has been a point of contention with respect to the government’s handling...

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Covid-19 Stimulus Relief

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The Covid-19 Pandemic has been a point of contention with respect to the government’s handling...

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Assisted Suicide

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Doctor-assisted suicide is not a major talking point within the Democratic Party, although it has...

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Abortion

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Republicans and Democrats are split on the issue of abortion. Democrats, per their official platform, are...

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Immigration

Travel Ban

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The travel ban, a policy which limits immigration to the United States from several ‘high-risk’ countries,...

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Sanctuary Cities

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Sanctuary cities, cities that “[limit] cooperation with federal immigration enforcement agents in order to protect...

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ICE

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Neither of the 2016 party platforms speak specifically about ICE. However, as the actions of...

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DACA

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Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals, or DACA, is a policy that grants deferred action on...

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Border Wall

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The construction of a border wall is a highly partisan issue. The Republican platform explicitly endorses the...

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Border Deportations

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Polling indicates that illegal immigration is regarded to be a much bigger issue among Republican voters...

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Border Asylum of Refugees

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Democrats tend to regard refugee migration more positively than Republicans. The Republican Party platform assumes the position...

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Border Asylum of Undocumented Immigrants

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Democrats tend to regard refugee migration more positively than Republicans. The Republican Party platform assumes the position...

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National Security

War on Terror

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The War on Terror, an initiative that was originally launched by the Republican G.W. Bush...

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Social Issues

Black Lives Matters Politicization

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Black Lives Matters politicization refers to the politicization that precipitated from the Black Lives Matter...

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Systemic Racism

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The topic of racial discrimination, particularly among those of African descent, is, unfortunately, a common...

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Slavery Reparations

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While Republicans are typically opposed to reparations, Democrats are gradually becoming more supportive of the...

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Separation of Church and State

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Separation of Church and State refers to the legal separation between religion and public life.

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Religious Freedom

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Both the Democratic and Republican party platforms highlight religious freedom as an important right.  Polling indicates that religious freedom is very...

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LGBTQ Equality

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Support for same-sex marriage is higher among Democratic-identifying voters than Republican-identifying voters; 75% of Democrats support same-sex...

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Equal Rights Amendment

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Unlike nearly all other political issues, both sides of the aisle- Republicans and Democrats- have made it...

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Critical Race Theory

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Critical race theory (CRT) is a movement based on the premise that race is a social...

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Civil Rights

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Since America’s infancy, the topic of racial disparity has long plagued political conversation. While race...

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Anti-Discrimination Laws

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Democratic voters are far more likely to be in support of anti-discrimination laws against LGBT...

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Affirmative Action

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Affirmative action programs, which enable colleges and universities to consider ethnicity and race as a...

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Understanding Policy, Strengthening Perspective

As the issues dividing Democrats and Republicans continue to evolve, so too does the need for clear, unbiased access to political information. On this page, we tried to provide a tool that is more than just a comparison of left vs right policies. It will help you navigate the real differences in how each party proposes to lead the country, based on values, ideology, and competing visions for the future.

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